For the Facts References

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Claims & References

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One in five drink over the UK Chief Medical Officers’ low risk drinking guidelines

Gunstone, B., Samra, S., & Newbold, P. (2020). Monitor 2020. YouGov and Drinkaware.  https://www.drinkaware.co.uk/media/p0ufwyxm/drinkaware-monitor-2020-final.pdf. p.16.

Low risk drinking guidelines

Department of Health. (2016). UK chief medical officers’ low risk drinking guidelines. [Online]. Available at: https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/545937/UK_CMOs__report.pdf

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Weight gain

Kwok, A., Dordevic, A.L., Paton, G., Page, M.J. and Truby, H. (2019). Effect of alcohol consumption on food energy intake: a systematic review and meta-analysis. British Journal of Nutrition, 121(5),481-495.

Sleep

Koob, G. F., & Colrain, I. M. (2020). Alcohol use disorder and sleep disturbances: a feed-forward allostatic framework. Neuropsychopharmacology, 45(1), 141-165. 10.1038/s41386-019-0446-0

He, S., Hasler, B. P., & Chakravorty, S. (2019). Alcohol and sleep-related problems. Current Opinion in Psychology, 30, 117-122. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.copsyc.2019.03.007

Sexual dysfunction

Allen, M. S., & Walter, E. E. (2018). Health-related lifestyle factors and sexual dysfunction: a meta-analysis of population-based research. The Journal of Sexual Medicine, 15(4), 458-475. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsxm.2018.02.008

Low mood

Sari, Y. (2017). Commentary: targeting NMDA receptor and serotonin transporter for the treatment of comorbid alcohol dependence and depression. Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research, 41(2), 275-278.  https://doi.org/10.1111/acer.13310

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Liver cirrhosis, Stroke, Heart disease, High blood pressure

Piano, M. R. (2017). Alcohol’s effects on the cardiovascular system. Alcohol Research: Current Reviews, 38(2), 219. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5513687/

Cancer of the mouth, throat, oesophagus, larynx, liver, bowel, and breast

Papadimitriou, N., Markozannes, G., Kanellopoulou, A., Critselis, E., Alhardan, S., Karafousia, V., ... & Tsilidis, K. K. (2021). An umbrella review of the evidence associating diet and cancer risk at 11 anatomical sites. Nature communications, 12(1), 1-10. https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-021-24861-8

Impotence

Mangione, T.W., Howland, J., Amick, B., Cote, J., Lee, M., Bell, N. and Levine, S. (1999). Employee drinking practices and work performance. Journal of Studies on Alcohol, 60(2), 261-270. https://www.nature.com/articles/s41443-018-0022-x

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Adverse impacts on workplace

Health and Safety Executive. (1996). Don’t mix it: a guide for employers on alcohol at work. [Online]. Available at: http://www.hse.gov.uk/pubns/indg240.htm.

Gunn, C., Mackus, M., Griffin, C., Munafò, M.R., Adams, S. (2018). A systematic review of the next-day effects of heavy alcohol consumption on cognitive performance. Addiction. 113(12), 2182-2193

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Drink driving deaths

Department for Transport. (2021, February 11). Reported drinking and driving (RAS51). RAS51001. [Online]. Available at: https://www.gov.uk/government/statistical-data-sets/ras51-reported-drinking-and-driving#reported-drink-and-drive-excel-data-tables.

Effect of alcohol on driving performance

Irwin, C., Iudakhina, E., Desbrow, B., & McCartney, D. (2017). Effects of acute alcohol consumption on measures of simulated driving: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Accident Analysis & Prevention, 102, 248-266. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aap.2017.03.001

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Alcohol metabolism

Cederbaum, A.I. (2012). Alcohol metabolism. Clinics in Liver Disease, 16(4), 667-685.

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Sleep

Roehrs, T. and Roth, T. (2001). Sleep, sleepiness, and alcohol use. Alcohol Research and Health. 25(2), 101-109. Available at: https://pubs.niaaa.nih.gov/publications/arh25-2/101-109.htm.

Weight gain

Shelton, N. J. and Knott, C. S. (2014). Association between alcohol calorie intake and overweight and obesity in English adults. American Journal of Public Health, 104(4), 629-631.