Teenage drinking

Although many teenagers experiment with alcohol, the latest statistics show that just over a third (37%) of 11 to 15-year-olds in England have tried alcohol.¹

The UK Chief Medical Officers (CMOs) recommend an alcohol-free childhood as the best and safest option. And – although not recommended – the CMOs also say if children do drink alcohol, it shouldn’t be until at least 15-years-old, in a supervised environment, and no more than once a week.²

For teenagers that do drink – it’s important to understand that alcohol has serious effects on their health and development. 

How alcohol affects a teenager's health and development

Teenagers can sometimes think they’re invincible. But alcohol is harmful to children and young people – drinking before becoming an adult has additional risks for health and wellbeing.^3,4,5

Health

Risks associated with teenage drinking include the possibility of acute alcohol poisoning. This can cause low blood sugar, seizures, greater chance of accidental injury, or ending up in vulnerable or dangerous situations.⁶

All of these contribute to underage drinkers being admitted to hospital as emergencies, which can happen after drinking just a small amount of alcohol compared to adult standards. There were 8,043 under 18s admitted to hospital for alcohol-specific conditions in England between 2021/22 and 2023/24.^7,8

As drinking alcohol can lower inhibitions, it’s also more likely that teenagers might engage in risky behaviour and can result in things like getting into fights, drink-driving, or having unprotected sex.^9,10

And at an age when appearance and self-image can feel very important, alcohol can contribute to bad skin, bad breath (due to the smell of the drink lingering on breath) and weight gain,^11,12 for teens – and it’s something that’s true for older drinkers too. Weight gain, in particular, can easily become a long-term cause of serious health problems.¹³

Brain Development

A particular risk for teenagers is the potential effect of drinking on their young brain, with teenage years being an important time for brain development.^14,15

There is some evidence that shows binge drinking by under 20s can cause changes to their brain which affect concentration and learning, as well as encouraging higher levels of risk taking and impulsiveness.¹⁶ It can also increase the chance of anxiety which can continue into adulthood.¹⁷

These effects can mean that a teenager doesn’t do as well in school, resulting in a lifelong negative impact on their potential.^18,19

People who start drinking regularly at a young age are more likely to have alcohol related problems as an adult.^20,21

Why do some teenagers drink?

Experimenting with alcohol becomes more common as children get older. For example, in England in 2023, 15% of 11-year-olds said they had tried alcohol compared to 62% of 15-year-olds.²²

Risky behaviour is more common during puberty. The development of the rational ‘thinking brain’ is not fully completed until 16 or 17-years-old, with more ‘fine tuning’ right into the early 20s.²³

If you’re concerned your teenager is struggling to cope with the pressures or worries of growing up, it’s possible they may wrongly think drinking is a way to cope. This could be because they have seen adults ‘drinking to cope’ with life stresses. 

Peer pressure and wanting to show off in front of friends can be major factors in contributing to drinking for the first time.²⁴ And popular culture can play a part too. 

A study has shown that heavier social media use was associated with more frequent alcohol consumption among young people in the UK, and to some extent greater binge drinking.²⁵

How to talk to your teenager about alcohol

Parents, guardians, and teachers are encouraged to talk openly with teenagers and other children about the serious risks associated with drinking. It is best to talk with teenagers as soon as they could be exposed to alcohol, either in or outside the home.

A good way to approach it is to:

• Make it clear that their health and safety are important to you
  The UK Chief Medical Officers’ advice is that the healthiest and safest option for teenagers and children is not to drink.
• Give them information and facts – and be honest
  This can help teenagers understand your advice and guide them towards making responsible decisions.
• Set boundaries as a vital part of their healthy development
  Sticking to agreed rules can encourage ‘self-policing’ and avoid uncertainty.
• Have on-going conversations about alcohol
  This can stop your teenager feeling it’s unfair or unreasonable, or coming across as a lecture. 

A simple way to boost your credibility is to take a step back and think about your own drinking behaviour. Research shows that riskier drinking behaviours by parents are often copied by their children.²⁶

Try taking our free Drinking Check quiz to find out if you’re drinking at a harmful level. If you decide to cut down, a good way to start is by drinking less at home – it has lots of health benefits for you, as well as setting a good example for your children. 

What if your child comes home drunk?

Take a deep breath – if they are under the influence of alcohol, it won’t be the right time to discuss it. Tell them to go to bed (making sure they are safe and don’t show signs of alcohol poisoning) and say, “We’ll talk about this tomorrow.”

The next day set aside a time and ask them to tell you what happened. Listen, and then tell them what you're feeling – whether that’s upset, angry, worried, disappointed, or anything else. 

It’s important to go over any issues you’ve discussed about the dangers of alcohol – and make sure you stick to the rules and consequences you’ve agreed.

The NHS website has more advice on talking to your child about alcohol.